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Les médicaments vétérinaires pour les abeilles: situation en Europe

Voici la liste des médicaments vétérinaires (VMP) ou de "biocides" (molécules n'ayant pas le statut de médicament de de produit phyto-sanitaires selon les législations des divers pays) ayant une AMM pour les maladies des abeilles en Europe. 

Si l'on constate que beaucoup de médicaments se retrouvent dans  plusieurs pays, on remarque également que:

1. la plus part de ces médicaments ont des indications acaricides contre la varroose,

2. certains médicaments n'ont pas exactement les mêmes indications partout en Europe,

3. un seul pays possède une AMM pour un antibiotique contre la loque européenne,

4. certains pays possèdent des spécialités contre la nosémose, l'infestation par Braula caeca, l'acaridiose des trachées, la fausse teigne, la mycose de couvain.

Une harmonisation européenne semble souhaitable et la rigueur scientifique doit prévaloir dans l'autorisation, la prescription et l'usage de ces médicaments.

 

AUTRICHE

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER SA) – Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose - VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) - Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor -VMP

-APITOL ©: CYMIAZOL HYDROCHLORID (VITA) - Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose- VMP Interdit

 

BELGIQUE 

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER SA) – Lutte contre la varroose – BIOCIDE (AMM valide jusqu’au 15/03/2010)

-THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biocontrol GmbH) - Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor - VMP

 

CHYPRE

-CHECK-MITE ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER SA) – Traitement de Varroa destructor - VMP

-APISTAN Hive Strip ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) - Traitement de Varroa – VMP

 

REPUBLIQUE TCHEQUE

-VARIDOL © : AMITRAZE (Bee Research Institute)- Varroose - Varroa destructor – VMP

-GABON PF 90 © : TAU-FLUVALINATE (Bee Research Institute)- Varroose - Varroa destructor – VMP

-FORMIDOL © : ACIDE FORMIQUE (Bee Research Institute)- Varroose - Varroa destructor – VMP

-GABON PA 92 ©: ACRINATHINE (Bee Research Institute)- Etudes cliniques - Varroa destructor – VMP

-XY © : THYMOL (Bee Research Institute)- Etudes cliniques - Varroa destructor – VMP

 

DANEMARK

-APIGUARD VET ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor -VMP

 

ESTONIE

 -APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) Diagnostic et contrôle de Varroa jacobsoni chez les abeilles - VMP

-BAYVAROL © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER SA) - Diagnostic et contrôle de Varroa jacobsoni chez les abeilles – VMP

 

FRANCE

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-API LIFE VAR ©: THYMOL EUCALYPTOL, CAMPHRE, LEVOMENTHOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP – AMM EN COURS

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Parasitose externe, varroose chez les abeilles - VMP

-APIVAR ©: AMITRAZE (VETO PHARMA) – Traitement de la varroose - VMP

-THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor - VMP

 

ALLEMAGNE

 -THYMOVAR 15 G © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor – VMP

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER VITAL GmbH) – Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose - VMP

-BAYVAROL © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER VITAL GmbH) - Diagnostic et contrôle de Varroa jacobsoni chez les abeilles – VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-API LIFE VAR ©: THYMOL EUCALYPTOL, CAMPHRE, LEVOMENTHOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

 

GRECE

 -PERIZIN Solution ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Traitement de Varroa - VMP

-APISTAN Hive Strip ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) -  Traitement de Varroa - VMP

-BAYVAROL Hive Strip © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Traitement  de Varroa jacobsoni – VMP

-THYMOVAR Hive Strip 15 G © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Traitement de Varroa destructor – VMP

-APIGUARD Gel ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de Varroa destructor –VMP

-CHECK MITE HIVE STRIP ©: COUMAPHOS (ALAPIS SA) - Traitement de Varroa destructor –VMP

 

HONGRIE

 -APIGARD Gel ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Réduction de l’infestation à Varroa jacobsoni –VMP

-API LIFE VAR ©: THYMOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Traitement et prévention de l’infestation à Varroa jacobsoni –VMP

-BAYVAROL Strip © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Traitement et diagnostic de l’infestation de Varroa jacobsoni – VMP

-PERIZIN external solution ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Traitement et diagnostic de l’infestation de Varroa jacobsoni – VMP

-THYMOVAR Strip 15 G © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Traitement de l’infestation à Varroa destructor – VMP

 

IRLANDE

 -APIGUARD Gel ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor - VMP

-BAYER FLUMETHRIN Bee-Hive Strips 3,6mg © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) –Diagnostic et contrôle de l’infestation de Varroa jacobsoni – VMP

 

ITALIE

 -API LIFE VAR ©: THYMOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Traitement la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni –VMP

-APIVAR ©: AMITRAZE (VETO PHARMA) – Traitement de la varroose - VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose– VMP

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER VITAL GmbH) – Traitement de la varroose chez les abeilles – VMP

 

LETTONIE

 -APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Contrôle de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni chez les abeilles - VMP

-BAYVAROL Strip © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Traitement et diagnostic de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni – VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

 

LITUANIE

 -BAYVAROL © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Traitement et diagnostic de la varroose – VMP

-APIGUARD 50g ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Contrôle de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni chez les abeilles - VMP

-GABON PA 92 ©: ACRINATHINE (Bee Research Institute)- Contrôle de la varroose à Varroa destructor – BIOCIDE

 

MALTE

 -BAYVAROL Strips © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – diagnostic et contrôle de Varroa jacobsoni sensibles à la fluméthrine– VMP

 

HOLLANDE

 -APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa jacobsoni - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose  due à Varroa destructor chez les abeilles – VMP

-THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor - VMP

 

POLOGNE

 -BAYVAROL Strip © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et contrôle acaricide Varroa destructor (V.  jacobsoni )– VMP

-APIWAROL ©: AMITRAZE (BIOWET) – Diagnostic et contrôle acaricide Varroa destructor (V.  jacobsoni )– VMP

-API LIFE VAR ©: THYMOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Contrôle acarioses (Varroa destructor et Acarapis woodi)–VMP

-BIOWAR ©: AMITRAZE (BIOWET) – Contrôle acariose (Varroa destructor) – VMP

 

PORTUGAL

 -THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Traitement de la varroose - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (HIFARMAX LDA) – Contrôle de la varroose –VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (HIFARMAX LDA) – Acaricide - VMP

-APIVAR ©: AMITRAZE (IBERIL) – Acaricide contre Varroa - VMP

-BAYVAROL © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et élimination de Varroa– VMP

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Acaricide – VMP

 

ROUMANIE

 -VARATAZ ©: AMITRAZE (PASTEUR FILIALA FILIPESTI) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor  - VMP

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Diagnostic et contrôle de Varroa jacobsoni et Braula coeca – VMP

-BAYVAROL Strip © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et traitement de Varroa  jacobsoni – VMP

-BEEVITAL HIVECLEAN © : ACIDE CITRIQUE, ACIDE OXALIQUE, EXTRAITS DE PROPOLIS, DIV. HUILES ETHERIQUES (FOOD & BEVERAGE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT) – Traitement de Varroa– VMP

-VARACHET FORTE ©: AMITRAZE, TAU-FLUVALINATE (INSTITUT DE CERCETARE) - Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor  - VMP

-MAVRIROL ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (INSTITUT DE CERCETARE) - Traitement de Varroa destructor et Braula coeca – VMP

-MEHPATIKA ©: 3-p-CIMENOL, 2-4 HEXADIEN ACID, HERBES solution hydro-alcoolique – réduction de l’infection causée par les larves de Varroa destructor – VMP

-CHECKMITE+ ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Traitement de Varroa destructor - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Traitement de Varroa destructor – VMP Autorisé par MRP (reconnaissance mutuelle)

 

SLOVAQUIE

 -BAYVAROL Strips © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et traitement de la varroose– VMP

-VARIDOL FUM © : AMITRAZE (VYSKUMMY USTAV VCKARSKY, MASLOVICE) - Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor – VMP

-VARIDOL AER © : AMITRAZE (VYSKUMMY USTAV VCKARSKY, MASLOVICE) - Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor (abeilles adultes) – VMP

-FORMIDOL © : ACIDE FORMIQUE (VYSKUMMY USTAV VCKARSKY, MASLOVICE) – Prévention pour la réduction de la population estivale et post-estivale de Varroa destructor, Nosema apis et Ascosphaera apis – VMP

-GABON PF 90 © : TAU-FLUVALINATE (VYSKUMMY USTAV VCKARSKY, MASLOVICE) – Protection des abeilles d’hiver au printemps et en automne ayant une infestation par Varroa massive – VMP

-MEHPATIKA Solution ©: 3-p-CIMENOL (THYMOL) (BIOPHARM-MARTINEK) Prévention et traitement de la mycose de couvain, dimition de l’infestation par Varroa destructor – VMP

-NONOSZ Solution ©: ORTHO-HYDROXY-BENZOATE de SODIUM 10g/100ml (BIOPHARM-MARTINEK) Prévention et traitement de la Nosemose à Nosema apis – VMP

-OXYOHARM plv.sol. ©: OXYTETRACYCLINE (PHARMAGAL S.R.O) - Loque européenne (traitement-protection dans le nourrissement hivernal)– VMP

 

SLOVENIE

 -BAYVAROL dvojni trak © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et traitement de la varroose– VMP

-APIGUARD gel ©: THYMOL (IRIS MEDNARODNA) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-PERIZIN, raztopina ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER VITAL GmbH) – Diagnostic et traitement de la varroose– VMP

 

ESPAGNE

 -APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni - VMP

-APIVAR ©: AMITRAZE (VETO PHARMA) – Traitement de l’infestation par Varroa jaconsoni - VMP

-APIGUARD ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose  due à Varroa destructor chez les abeilles – VMP

-BAYVAROL 3,6MG Tiras para comlmenas © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni sensibles à la fluméthrine– VMP par reconnaissance mutuelle (Royaume Uni)

-EXOCAL © : ACIDE OXALIQUE (CEVA) - Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

-THYMOVAR © : THYMOL (Andermatt Biovet) – Contrôle de la varroose due à Varroa destructor - VMP par reconnaissance mutuelle (Hollande)

 

Royaume-Uni (liste incomplète)

 -APIGUARD gel ©: THYMOL (VITA) – Traitement de la varroose  due à Varroa destructor chez les abeilles – VMP

-APISTAN ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE (VITA) – Contrôle de la varroose - VMP

-BAYVAROL Strips 3,6mg © : FLUMETHRINE (BAYER) – Diagnostic et contrôle de la varroose à Varroa jacobsoni sensibles à la fluméthrine– VMP

-API LIFE VAR Strip for Honey Bees ©: THYMOL EUCALYPTOL, CAMPHRE, LEVOMENTHOL (CHEMICAL LAIF) – Traitement de la varroose due à Varroa destructor –VMP

 

BULGARIE

 -ECOSTOP-LAMELLAE ©: Ol. MENTHAE PIPERITHAE, THYMOL (PRIMAVET SOFIA) – Varroose - VMP

-APIGUARD gel ©: THYMOL (LALEHAM HEALTHCARE) – Varroose – VMP

-CHECKMITE+ ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Varroose - VMP

-BAYVAROL Strips  © : FLUMETHRINE 3,6mg/strip (BAYER) – Varroose – VMP

-VAROSTOP-STRIPS ©: FLUMETHRINE 3,6mg/strip (PRIMAVET SOFIA) – Varroose - VMP

-VAROTOM ©: TAU-FLUVALINATE 80mg/strip (EVROTOM République de Serbie) – Varroose - VMP

-PERIZIN ©: COUMAFOS (BAYER) – Varroose– VMP

-FURMITON ©: ACIDE FORMIQUE (EVROTOM République de Serbie) –Varroose , Fausse-teigne, Baula caeca- VMP

Veterinarians and Bee Health involvement taking France as an example

Presentation done during the EMEA workshop the december 14, 2009, in London: "Medicines for Bees - What the Agency can do to increase availability".

" Good afternoon, and thank you to welcome us to participate at this workshop about VMPs and honey bees.

First of all, I’d like to thank Mrs Koudouna to suggest me and give me the opportunity to speak about the veterinarian’s bee health involvement in France.

I am Nicolas Vidal-Naquet, I am a vet graduated in honey bee pathology. I belong to the beekeeping commission of the GTV (veterinary technical group). Today, I represent the Federation of the Veterinarians of Europe.

The place of vets in the bee health organization in Europe and in the world is quite weak but begin to increase, as we saw it in the Apimondia congress in Montpellier last september.

In France, the sanitary crisis of the beekeeping chain has developed awareness of some vets and their implication.

 

SUMMARY

First, we’ll see the history of the vet involvement.

Then, we’ll speak about the vet honey bee pathology education and training in France.

Thirdly, the beekeeping health organization and the place of vets.

And we’ll end by the theme of this meeting considering VMPs and honey bees.

We must not forget that vets are in charge of the prescription of VMPs.

 

History

The history of the relationship between vets and beekeeping is caracterized by a long period of indifference.

-At the beginning of the XXth century, practitioners were concerned by honey bee health,

-After world war two, vets were involved in herd breeding and health management,

-In the fifties: vets developed sports (horses) and leisure (pets) medecine and surgery while urban life was increasing,

-And they didn’t take (or very rarely) into account honey bee health as a part of their practice perhaps because it is a minor species, and is not an important economic « market ».

For the past 5 or 6 years with the sanitary crisis of the beekeeping chain and the increasing losses of colonies, some vets have decided to be active and try to be efficient in this animal production. As everybody, they became aware of the environmental disorders among which honey bee is a symbol as a sentinel.

 

One of the pioneer is Pr. Monique L’Hostis , associated with Jean-Marie Barbançon, DVM and Beekeeper, and Marc Edouard Colin, DVM and searcher

 

Why vets in bee heath? Vet training

First, vets are domestic animals’ pathologists :

-and honey bees are domestic animals,

-face to the colony disorders, beekeeping lacks pathologists,

- Health disorders require:

- Diagnostical approach following

- Clinical evaluation,

- VMPs prescription when necessary.

- and Advices in prophylaxis programs

The triptic, prescription following examination and diagnosis, is the definition of the veterinary act. The FVE position adopted officialy this definition in Vienna two years ago. Examination, Diagnosis and prescription cannot be dissociated in veterinary practice, even in honey bee pathology.

 

Secondly, vets are in charge of the veterinarian public Heath.

Honey bee pathology is a full part of the vet job, even if vets forgot it and beekeeping chain had to manage on its own before.

 

In France training of honey bee pathology exist for vets.

- Before 2000:

A few hours in the academic degree course were dispended to students. Now beekeeping pathology is unfortunately not taught any more in the veterinary cursus. The reason is probably its low impact on the veterinary economy.

 

- Hopefully, in 2005 Pr Monique L’Hostis and Pr René Chermette created for vets a Diploma called « Beekeeping, honey bee pathology ».

- And next year, in 2010: the GTV is about to begin training for practitioners.

 

The Diploma « Beekeeping, honey bee pathology » has been created with the support of beekeeping chain and unions and the financial support of Agricultural European Funds (FEAGA).

–A lot of beekeeping specialists and members of the beekeeping chain are in charge of the courses. (Theorical courses : 120 hours (3 weeks) and Practical courses : one week (40 h))

 

What are the aims of this diploma ?

For Practionners, we can mention

–Management of regulated diseases

–Management of other diseases

–Assessment, on the field, Therapeutics trials…

For vets working in the administration

–Management of regulated diseases…

For vets working in Research and diagnosis Laboratory…

–Set up: diagnosis tools, validation, realisation

–Assessment, therapeutics trials, scientific studies..

 

Organization of the diploma

The training « beekeeping, bee pathology  » is divided as we can see in 4 modules, and an important part is the audit of animal husbandry. This the basis of health management.

Module I, one week: honeybee, colony, management of apiary

Module II, one week: beekeeping pathology

Module III, one week: Practical course with a professional beekeeper: audit of animal husbandry

Module IV, one week : Regulation, health management

•Writing of the audit report

•Presentation of the report, individual and group reports SYNTHETHIS OF THE COURSE

 

So this diploma allows vets to :

-Acquire theorical bases and practice on honey bee: morphology, biology, live of the colony…,

-Acquire practical bases to manipulate colonies of honey bee for aims of diagnosis, samples and experimentations,

-Acquire knowledge in beekeeping, in beekeeping pathology and management of various affections

 

This is a high standard diploma and there is a wish, which is presently a wish and not a project, to develop it at the european level.

 

What can we say about the vets graduated or involved?

First of all, they are passionnate and aware that beekeeping pathology cannot be a full time or profitable job, and want to help beekeepers in this crisis time.

37 vets are graduated in beekeeping pathology or on the way to be… and 32 are pre-registered for the next session.

As we can see, those vets are spread over the territory (there is a shortage in the east and south west) and involved in the different fields where veterinarians are usually involved (practitionners, administration, research…).

All the vets involved in bee heath didn’t follow this training, a lot of are self-taught persons.

 

What is the present place of practioners, as pathologists, in the bee heath organization?

At the top, there is the ministry of agriculture, and two directions.

-DGAL (direction générale de l’alimentation) food general direction

-DGPV (direction générale de protection des végétaux) plants’ protection general direction

 

Are also involved Agency and laboratories : I will essentially mention the AFSSA, which is the powerfull benchmark laboratory in bee health in France: its fields of work are analysis laboratory, research on pathogen, viral diseases, pest, chemicals…, assessment, diagnosis….

Private and public laboratories

… And the OIE

 

Then, under the ministry of Agriculture, there are Regional and « departemental » sections, with the veterinary section: (DRSV, DDSV) and the Regional section of plant’s protection.

 

The Veterinary section appoints the ASA (beekeeping sanitary assistant). They are officialy in charge of the sanitary policy of honey bee health: they are often beekeepers. They can do diagnosis but are not allowed to precribe VMPs.

The ASA guild have be created by the administration to fill the lack of vets capable or specialized in bee health.

 

Are also involved, Sanitary organizations like the  FNOSAD.

Last and not least, because this is the honey bee and beekeepers level, the Beekeeping Sanitary Protection Group, GDSA, where vets operate.

- The GDSA are in charge of beekeeping sanitary management and of VMPs delivery within the framework of a Breeding Sanitary Program, PSE.

- As vet advice of the GDSA, practioners are responsible for the prescription of the VMPs of the PSE.  These vets participate more and more to the definition and implementation of the sanitary policy of the Group.

 

So, the question is and remains : the vets, just to write prescriptions, or can they be helpfull in this sanitary crisis ?

 

The Honey bee pathology becomes a « specialist affair » with complicated beekeeping sanitary problems. (The ASA guild shows now its limits)

In this animal production chain, there is a lack that doesn’t exist in the other animals productions health organizations: veterinarians with sanitary mandate.

These sanitary vets will represent the link between administration, scientific data and field assessments.

The administration is on the way to create soon a bee health specialized sanitary mandate for vets. This will allow to have a repartition on the whole territory of such sanitary specialists.

Practioners, as pathologists will have:

- a place in the beekeeping health organisation,

- a part in clinical (certified) report and official valuations,

- a contribution to an expected organized epidemical monitoring network. On this subject, a veterinary squad has been created with a vet in charge of colony collapses and can go on the field quickly if necessary.

- a major part in VMPs prescription.

I just want to remind that veterinarians are in charge of VMPs prescription in France and in Europe. This is their duty and there responsability.

 

This lead me to speak about honey bee and VMPs

Beyond colony disorders due to chemical and viral agents where VMPs are not usefull, the availability of VMPs is considered to be a real problem in the fight against Varroa destructor as well as in diseases due to pathogen organisms (Nosema sp. and bacterial diseases)

 

Let us consider first the fight against Varroa,

-We all know that honey bee have to live with Varroa destructor. The aim of this fight is to obtain a balance into the hive allowing the life of the colony and the production of the hive with the greatest possible percentage of mite reduction (in order to have a colony as healthy and strong as possible)

 

-Some studies in particular in France have shown sometimes a lower percentage mite reduction than expected. (Works of Faucon, Martin or more recently Vallon).

-The consequences are considered as :

  first a lack of efficiency of VMPs,

Secondly, appearence of Varroa resistance against VMps

 And thirdly as a lack of VMPs against Varroa destructor.

In France, miticides available are

- Apivar: Amitraze (a prescription is to be delivered)

- Apistan: Tau-fluvalinate

- Thymovar, apiguard: Thymol

- Api Life Var: thymol, eucalyptol, camphre, menthol, on the way to obtain a marketing authorization.

To understand the lacks observed, we have first to define what happens

Beekeepers observe each year some of their hives with a lot of residual Varroa, despite the application of a treatment, whatever it is.

These are not always the same beekeepers, the same places, and the same weather conditions.

The consequences can be weak colonies, opportunist diseases, viral diseases and troubles for pollination and honey production.

 

These facts lead to formulate some points and questions :

 

- At the level of the beekeeper

What is the beekeeper practices and does he follow good rules?.

Does he  follow the prescription and the way of use of VMPs?

When does he starts the treatment?

Does he adapt the treatment to local conditions and to hives production ?

At this subject, the GTV commission is on the way to edit a « good practice rules for an optimal treatment against Varroa » for prescribers.

 

-At the level of the VMPs, the national agencies and industry

Is there a real lack of efficiency of VMPs?

Does Varroa develop resistance against these treatments?

Are the essential substances of the VMPs well distributed in the hive with sufficient concentration? Is the pharmaceutical form proposed the optimal one?

 

-At the level of the VMPs availability

-In Europe, each country have his own VMPs, for exemple Apivar is allowed in France, Spain and Italy but not in other european countries…

-The availibility of  some VMPs is a difficulty for beekeepers,

-So there is a tentation for beekeepers to use:

-VMPs without Marketing Authorization for Honey Bee Use as miticide (Amitraze in Taktik, Coumaphos…)

       -Just a word about Oxalic acid and Formic acid. These substances can be used as miticide, if bought as essential substances (pharmacy, vet). Sometimes, Oxalic acid and Formic acid bought as cleaning products in DIY shops are used. This can be a sanitary problem for the consumers of the products of the hive.

 

The access to VMPs with Marketing Authorization and miticide indication for Honey bee in one country should be facilitated in the other european countries and the sanitary training for beekeepers always reminded to allow optimal treatment management..

 

Let us now speak about the other diseases which could have an access to treatment.

This concerns diseases due to pathogen organisms sensitive to differents essential substances: bacteria, microsporidia 

 

Considering diseases, there are a number of questions and points to answer:

- We have to define diseases which can need VMPs (it is essentially American Foulbrood, European Foulbrood, Disorders due to Nosema sp. )

This definition done, the questions remain :

- do these diseases really need VMPs?

- We have to define the stage “disease” when treatment should be prescribed.

- We have to define if the treatment is scientifically necessary, considering the fact that some of these germs (Paenibacillus larvae larvae and Nosema sp. for exemple) can survive as spores, on which medicines are not active. (Melissococcus pluton don’t survive as spore)

These questions imply the necessity for labs to develop reliable, sensitive and specific diagnostic methods. For exemple : Nosema, how can we define the stage disease ? For some searchers the presence of spores means disease, for others the number of spores is important.

The wish is that interpretation of results become as clear and consensual as possible, to help vets to prescribe VMPs only when it is necessary, as in the other species.

There is a real lack in the analysis field today to help pathologist.

There is an other wish: the development of scientific publications in vet magazines or congress. The creation of the JSA (Beekeeping scientific day) by the Vet School of Nantes and the FNOSAD contribute to inform vets, and help them in their honey bee Heath activity.

 

Considering the VMPs, some points and questions are important to evaluate before precription and use:

-We have to define the essential substances usable:

-Antibiotics :tetracyclines, oxytetracyclines… are potentially active against EFBD and AFBD

-Anticoccidians  : fumagiline, toltrazuril are potentialy active against Nosema

- This must lead labs and industry to define the MRL of the essential substances vets would be interested to prescribe if necessary.

-We also have to define the way of using the treatments and the conditions of use of VMPs, of course in association of beekeeping techniques.

There is a necessity to allow the prescription of VMPs, in the framework of MUMS regulation, and allow accessibility to the prescription of authorized VMPs everywhere in EU.

The marketing authorization must strictly regulate the conditions of prescription, distribution and use of antibiotics and anticoccidians VMPs in honey bee health in order to limit antibioresistance and protect consumers... The use of VMPs must be reasoned.

In the United States, the EFB and AFB agents are often resistant to a lot of antibiotics because of a massive use.

So, if nothing is done, there can be an anarchic use of VMPs and other essential substances which will lead to the consequences as mentionned before.

 

So for sanitary and biologic reasons, the consequence is that the use of antibiotics and anticoccidians is not the rule but must remain the exception.

 

And here, I want to remind what I said before : Examination, Diagnosis and prescription cannot be dissociated even in honey bee pathology. And this is the veretinary practice.

In France a National Veterinary Commitee for a Reasoned Antibiotics Use has just been created, as the human one which has succeeded in reducing the use of antibiotics

 

To conclude,

Veterinarians are today more involved in honey bee health, even if honey bee is a « minor species », both as a practitioner and as a gearwheel of the veterinarian public health.

As prescribers, vets have the responsability to define the need and the necessity of use of VMPs in Honey bee diseases.

 

Thank you for your attention"

 

 

 

L'EMEA, Agence Européenne du Médicament se penche sur la problématique des traitements apicoles

Les 14 et 15 décembre prochains, l'EMAE organise un atelier dont le thème est: "Les traitements pour les abeilles. Que l'EMAE peut elle faire pour accroitre leur disponibilité ?". 

Ayant conscience des problèmes actuels de l'apiculture, des pertes de colonies, de manques d'efficacité parfois constatés lors de l'utilisation de médicaments anti-varroa, de l'apparition de résistance de Varroa aux médicaments, du manque de médicaments acaricides ou contre d'autres maladies, l'EMAE s'est saisie de ces questions dans le but de rechercher comment aider les apiculteurs notamment en recherchant de nouvelles molécules pouvant être utilisées en pathologie apicole. 

De nombreux participants sont prévus: apiculteurs, organisations sanitaires, industrie pharmaceutique et chimique,... et vétérinaires.

Une nouvelle spécialité obtient un avis favorable pour l'obtention d'une AMM pour le traitement de la varroose

Apilife Var est peut-être en voie d'obtenir une AMM pour le traitement de la Varroose. L'ANMV-AFSSA a donné un avis favorable d'AMM dans le cadre de la procédure de reconnaissance mutuelle le 22 septembre 2009. 

Cependant, il ne s'agit que d'un avis en effet, l'AFSSA précise que "les avis de la commission d'AMM n'ont pas valeur d'autorisation de mise sur le marché. Il est rappelé que ce communiqué ( Téléchargement CAMMV0909 ) publie les avis de la CAMNV et non les décisions d'AMM. Il est possible que les noms des produits cités évoluent à la fin de la procédure d'autorisation de mise sur le marché."

Produit par Chemicals LAIF, Apilife Var est constitué de plaquettes pour ruche "à base de thymol, d'huile essentielle d'eucalyptus, de camphre, de lévomenthol," et est "indiqué dans le traitement de la Varroose à Varroa destructor."

Cependant, selon un rapport de la même AFSSA, dans les médicaments contre la varroose "un seul, l’amitraz (Apivar ND), semble garant d’une efficacité réelle contre ce parasite (Varroa destructor NDA)duquel les résistances développées contre plusieurs molécules actives rendent particulièrement difficile l’élimination. »